About

Learning Briefs

HELPING GIRLS FIND THEIR VOICE:

CONFIDENCE AND GROWTH IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE

Katherine Nikidis, Head of School, Trafalgar School for Girls
Dr. Melanie Dirks, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, McGill University

Adolescence is a whirlwind—a period of extraordinary change that shapes who a girl becomes.

Today’s girls are entering adolescence earlier, with puberty sometimes beginning as young as eight or nine, compared to the average age of 12 in previous generations. This shift, influenced by factors like improved nutrition, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and increased stress levels, intensifies the challenges of growing up. It changes the types of stressors that girls face, and may make them more emotionally reactive to these challenges. It also presents an opportunity to rethink how we educate and support girls during this critical phase.

Confidence at a Crossroads

By the age of 10, societal stereotypes and self-doubt can begin to impact girls’ confidence, particularly in fields such as science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM). In mixed-gender environments, social pressures may discourage girls from speaking up or taking academic risks. Early adolescence, combined with the challenges of puberty, can erode self-esteem. Addressing these issues requires an intentional focus on creating environments where girls feel encouraged to explore and grow.

Physical and Emotional Changes

Girls navigating early puberty face physical changes like menstruation and breast development that may occur before they are emotionally ready. This can lead to feelings of embarrassment, isolation, or anxiety and sometimes can attract unwanted sexual attention from others, which can be really difficult to navigate. These experiences are further complicated by body image concerns and heightened social comparisons. Supportive educational environments that normalize these changes and promote positive self-image can help girls feel more confident during this vulnerable time.

Safe Spaces to Flourish

Educational settings designed with girls’ specific needs in mind—whether single- gender or co-educational—can provide the support necessary for emotional, social, and academic growth. Smaller schools or programs focusing on belonging and individual development can help students embrace their unique identities. Initiatives that emphasize mindfulness, emotional resilience, and peer support lay a strong foundation for overall well-being.

Amplifying Voices

Adolescence is often a time when many girls may become quieter and hesitant to express their opinions due to fear of judgment. Schools that prioritize leadership development and self-expression—through activities like debate, public speaking, and collaborative projects—can help girls find and amplify their voices. Encouraging open dialogue and fostering a culture of respect prepares students to confidently navigate diverse environments.

Supporting Interest in STEAM

Research highlights a decline in girls’ interest in STEAM subjects during adolescence, but this trend can be mitigated through targeted programs. Hands-on projects, mentorship opportunities, and exposure to real-world role models can inspire girls to envision themselves as future scientists, engineers, and creators. Such programs also promote collaboration and problem-solving skills that are essential in any field.

The Role of Middle School

Middle school plays a pivotal role in supporting girls during early adolescence.

Programs tailored to this developmental stage can address their unique needs:

Social-Emotional Learning (SEL): Teaching skills such as empathy, self- awareness, and relationship-building helps girls navigate the complexities of adolescence.
Health and Wellness Education: Normalizing developmental differences and fostering a sense of inclusion builds a culture of acceptance.
Inquiry-Based Learning: Encouraging curiosity and teamwork allows girls to develop confidence in tackling challenges.

By embracing the complexities of early adolescence and fostering resilience, confidence, and leadership, schools can help girls thrive both academically and personally.

These foundational years are critical in preparing girls not just for high school or university but for life.

Watch a recording of our recent webinar below!

Download PDF Version

Educational Brief

REFERENCES

Mendle, J. (2014). "Beyond Puberty: Psychological and Social Development
During Adolescence." Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 631–657.
Yeager, D. S., & Dweck, C. S. (2012). "Mindsets That Promote Resilience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed."
Educational Psychologist, 47(4), 302–314.
The National Coalition of Girls' Schools (NCGS). "The Girls' School Advantage: By the Numbers." Available Online
Sax, L. J., et al. (2011). "Women Graduates of Single-Sex and Coeducational High Schools: Differences in their Characteristics and the Transition to College." UCLA Higher Education Research Institute.
Ford, D. Y., & Moore, J. L. (2013). "Understanding and Reversing Underachievement in Girls in STEM: From Research to Practice." Gifted Child Today, 36(3), 152–158.
Wang, Ming-Te, & Degol, Jessica L. (2017). "Gender Gap in STEAM: Psychological and Structural Factors Influencing Girls’ Engagement and Achievement." Psychological Bulletin, 143(3), 324–356
National Coalition of Girls’ Schools (NCGS): https://www.ncgs.org
CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning): https://casel.org